Hedgehogs are small, spiky mammals that have become increasingly popular as exotic pets. Known for their adorable faces, unique quills, and solitary nature, hedgehogs can make wonderful companions for the right person. However, they are not typical pets like cats or dogs and require specialized care to ensure they thrive in a domestic setting.

In this guide, we’ll explore everything you need to know about owning a hedgehog, from their physical characteristics and care needs to their temperament and handling.

What is a Hedgehog?

Hedgehogs belong to the Erinaceidae family and are small, nocturnal creatures covered in stiff, sharp spines (also called quills) on their backs, with soft fur on their bellies. The most common species kept as pets is the African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), a hybrid between the white-bellied hedgehog and the Algerian hedgehog. These tiny animals are relatively low-maintenance, though they do require some specific care to stay happy and healthy.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Pet hedgehogs typically grow to be around 6 to 9 inches long.
• Weight: They usually weigh between 0.5 to 1.5 pounds.
• Lifespan: With proper care, hedgehogs can live between 4 to 6 years in captivity, though some may live as long as 8 years.
• Appearance: Hedgehogs have a distinctive body covered in spines, a small pointed nose, and dark, round eyes. Their spines are not poisonous or harmful, though they can be sharp to the touch when the hedgehog is startled or frightened.

Are Hedgehogs Good Pets?

Hedgehogs can be great pets, but they are not suitable for everyone. Their solitary and nocturnal nature, combined with their need for specific housing and diet, means they are best suited to owners who are patient and willing to learn about their needs.

Pros:

• Low Maintenance: Hedgehogs don’t require a lot of attention compared to more demanding pets like dogs or cats. They are independent and can be left alone for extended periods.
• Quiet and Calm: Hedgehogs are relatively quiet, making them ideal for apartment living or for owners who want a pet that doesn’t make a lot of noise.
• Unique: Hedgehogs are exotic and interesting animals. Their quirky behaviors, such as self-anointing (where they spread saliva on their spines), make them fascinating to observe.

Cons:

• Nocturnal: Hedgehogs are most active at night, which can make it difficult for some owners to interact with them during the day.
• Sensitive to Handling: Hedgehogs can be shy and may curl into a ball when scared, making them less cuddly than some other pets.
• Temperature Sensitivity: Hedgehogs require specific temperatures to stay healthy and are prone to hibernation attempts if they get too cold, which can be dangerous in captivity.

Hedgehog Care Guide

1. Housing

Providing a suitable habitat is essential for a hedgehog’s well-being. Their environment should be secure, spacious, and comfortable.

• Cage Size: Hedgehogs need a spacious enclosure to explore and exercise. A minimum cage size of 2 x 3 feet is recommended, but larger is always better.
• Bedding: Use paper-based bedding or fleece liners in the enclosure. Avoid cedar or pine shavings, as they can cause respiratory problems.
• Hiding Places: Hedgehogs are naturally shy and need places to hide. Provide them with hideouts like igloos, tunnels, or small shelters.
• Temperature: Hedgehogs require a temperature range of 72°F to 80°F. If the temperature drops too low, they may attempt to hibernate, which can be life-threatening. Use a heat lamp or a heating pad to maintain the correct temperature.
• Exercise Wheel: A solid-surface exercise wheel is essential for keeping your hedgehog active and healthy. Make sure it’s large enough (at least 12 inches in diameter) and has a solid surface to prevent injury.

2. Diet

A balanced diet is crucial for keeping your hedgehog healthy. Hedgehogs are insectivores, but their diet in captivity should consist of more than just insects.

• Commercial Hedgehog Food: Many pet stores sell specially formulated hedgehog food, which should form the bulk of their diet.
• High-Quality Cat Food: You can supplement their diet with high-quality, grain-free cat food, which is a good source of protein.
• Insects: Hedgehogs love insects such as mealworms, crickets, and waxworms. These should be offered as occasional treats, not a staple of their diet.
• Fruits and Vegetables: You can also offer small amounts of fresh fruits and vegetables like apples, berries, and leafy greens, but avoid sugary or starchy foods.
• Water: Provide fresh water daily, either in a bowl or a water bottle.

3. Exercise and Enrichment

Hedgehogs are active creatures that need regular exercise to prevent obesity.

• Exercise Wheel: As mentioned, an exercise wheel is a must-have for your hedgehog’s enclosure. It allows them to burn off energy and stay fit.
• Toys and Tunnels: Hedgehogs enjoy exploring, so providing toys, tunnels, and enrichment activities will keep them entertained and mentally stimulated.
• Playtime: Hedgehogs may enjoy exploring outside of their cage in a safe, enclosed area. Always supervise them to ensure they don’t get into dangerous spots.

4. Handling and Bonding

Hedgehogs are naturally shy animals, but with patience and time, they can become comfortable with handling.

• Start Slow: When you first bring your hedgehog home, give them time to adjust to their new environment before handling them frequently.
• Daily Interaction: Regular handling helps build trust between you and your hedgehog. Use gentle movements and allow them to explore your hands or lap.
• Watch for Quill Raising: When frightened or startled, a hedgehog will raise its quills and curl into a ball. This is a defense mechanism. Be patient and wait for them to relax before trying to handle them again.
• Bonding Time: Hedgehogs don’t enjoy being held for long periods, but short, daily handling sessions can help them feel more at ease with you.

5. Health and Veterinary Care

Hedgehogs are generally healthy animals, but like all pets, they can develop certain health issues.

• Common Health Issues:
  • Obesity: Without enough exercise or a proper diet, hedgehogs can become obese, leading to health problems.
  • Mites: Hedgehogs are prone to mites, which can cause itching and quill loss. Regular cleaning and monitoring can help prevent infestations.
  • Dental Problems: Like many small animals, hedgehogs can develop dental issues. Feeding them a proper diet with crunchy foods can help keep their teeth healthy.
• Veterinary Visits: It’s important to find a veterinarian who specializes in exotic pets. Regular check-ups can help catch health problems early.

6. Grooming

Hedgehogs are generally clean animals, but they may need occasional grooming.

• Bathing: Hedgehogs do not require frequent baths, but if they get dirty, you can give them a gentle bath using warm water and a soft toothbrush. Use an unscented, gentle soap if necessary.
• Nail Trimming: Hedgehogs’ nails can grow long and sharp, so regular trimming is important. Use small pet nail clippers, and be careful not to cut too close to the quick (the pink part of the nail).

Are Hedgehogs Easy to Take Care Of?

Hedgehogs are relatively easy to care for once you understand their needs. However, they require a consistent temperature, regular feeding, and a clean environment. Their nocturnal nature also means they are best suited for owners who are comfortable interacting with them during the evening or nighttime.

Legal Considerations for Owning a Hedgehog

Before bringing a hedgehog into your home, check the local laws regarding exotic pet ownership. In some places, hedgehogs may be illegal or require special permits.

• Legal Restrictions: In the U.S., states like California, Georgia, and Pennsylvania have restrictions or bans on owning hedgehogs as pets. Always research the regulations in your area before purchasing a hedgehog.

How Much Does a Hedgehog Cost?

The cost of owning a hedgehog varies depending on where you live and the breeder you purchase from.

• Hedgehog Price: A hedgehog typically costs between $100 to $300. The price can vary based on factors like color, age, and lineage.
• Additional Costs: You’ll also need to invest in a proper enclosure, bedding, food, and toys. Initial setup costs can range from $200 to $500, and monthly expenses for food and supplies are around $20 to $50.

Conclusion: Is a Hedgehog Right for You?

Hedgehogs are fascinating, low-maintenance pets for the right person. They’re quiet, independent, and unique, making them